Orbital compression syndrome presenting as orbital cellulitis in a child with sickle cell anemia

Orbital bone infarction with subsequent orbital compression syndrome presenting as orbital cellulitis is reported in a child with sickle cell anemia. She deteriorated despite the use of antibiotics and improved after the surgical drainage of the collection. Radiographic findings, absence of sinusitis, hemorrhagic nature of the collection, and negative cultures all were consistent with orbital compression syndrome secondary to a vasoocclusive crisis. This condition needs to be differentiated from the more common orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis.