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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
05:42

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Does the ovarian reserve decrease from repeated ovulation stimulations?

Janelle Luk1, Aydin Arici

  • 1Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Janelle.Luk@yale.edu

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|April 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles do not harm ovarian response, especially in younger patients. However, ovarian reserve may decline after three cycles, with age becoming a significant factor in pregnancy success.

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Accurate Follicle Enumeration in Adult Mouse Ovaries
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Accurate Follicle Enumeration in Adult Mouse Ovaries

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Infertility research
  • Assisted reproductive technology

Background:

  • Many patients require multiple in-vitro fertilization cycles.
  • Concerns exist regarding the impact of repeated assisted reproductive technology (ART) on ovarian response.
  • Understanding this impact is crucial for patient counseling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of repetitive assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles on ovarian response in subsequent cycles.
  • To determine if repeated treatments lead to ovarian reserve deterioration.
  • To inform clinical counseling for patients undergoing multiple ART cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on repetitive ovarian stimulation.
  • Analysis of studies involving oocyte donors and patients undergoing multiple IVF cycles.
  • Assessment of factors influencing ovarian response and pregnancy rates.

Main Results:

  • Age is the primary factor affecting ovarian reserve in repeated ART cycles.
  • Repetitive ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination does not impair ovarian response.
  • Oocyte donors can undergo at least three cycles without negative effects on oocyte retrieval or embryo quality.

Conclusions:

  • Limited data exist, but current research indicates no detrimental effect on ovarian function in egg donors undergoing repetitive hyperstimulation.
  • Up to three repeated in-vitro fertilization cycles show no significant decline in ovarian reserve.
  • Beyond three cycles, results are equivocal, with age significantly impacting pregnancy and live birth rates.