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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...

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Structure of entangled polymer network from primitive chain network simulations.

Yuichi Masubuchi1, Takashi Uneyama, Hiroshi Watanabe

  • 1Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasyo, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. mas@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp

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The primitive chain network (PCN) model shows promising equilibrium structure predictions for entangled polymers, aligning with more detailed simulations. This validates PCN for rheological studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • The primitive chain network (PCN) model is widely used for simulating entangled polymer rheology.
  • More detailed models like lattice and atomistic simulations offer higher accuracy but are computationally intensive, especially for complex flow scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the equilibrium network structure predicted by the coarse-grained PCN model against more detailed lattice and atomistic simulations.
  • To assess the consistency of PCN's predictions for single chain properties within entangled polymer networks.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of simulation results.
  • Focus on equilibrium network structure, including subchain length distributions in space and by monomer number.
  • Evaluation of single chain properties in entangled polymer systems.

Main Results:

  • The PCN model's predicted equilibrium network structure shows encouraging consistency with lattice and atomistic simulations.
  • Despite differences in modeling approaches, PCN results align well with more rigorous simulation techniques.
  • Comparisons with existing theoretical predictions also proved favorable.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide a more solid foundation for using the PCN model in Brownian dynamics simulations of entangled polymers.
  • The PCN model offers a viable and computationally efficient approach for studying polymer rheology, particularly in flow conditions.