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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
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Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Immunotherapy.

John David Osguthorpe1

  • 1Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. drengaja@musc.edu

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|April 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subcutaneous immunotherapy effectively treats inhalant allergies, but sublingual and food allergy treatments require more research and standardization. Allergen standardization is crucial for comparing immunotherapy study data.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Immunotherapy Research
  • Clinical Trials in Allergy

Background:

  • Inhalant and food sensitivities pose significant health challenges.
  • Allergen immunotherapy aims to desensitize patients to specific allergens.
  • Standardization of allergens is critical for reliable immunotherapy research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the 2008-2009 literature on allergen standardization and immunotherapy for inhalant and food sensitivities.
  • To delineate underlying immunologic changes associated with immunotherapy.
  • To provide evidence-based conclusions from clinical data.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published between 2008-2009.
  • Analysis of clinical data and immunologic changes related to immunotherapy.
  • Focus on evidence-based conclusions for inhalant and food sensitivities.

Main Results:

  • Subcutaneous immunotherapy is effective for inhalant allergies; sublingual immunotherapy shows efficacy mainly in monosensitized individuals.
  • Food immunotherapy shows promise but is limited by adverse reactions and lack of robust trials.
  • Allergen standardization remains a challenge, though recombinant techniques are advancing.

Conclusions:

  • Subcutaneous immunotherapy for inhalant allergies is clinically effective, but antigen standardization and immunologic understanding need improvement.
  • Further research on sublingual immunotherapy is needed to establish its equivalence to subcutaneous methods.
  • Oral desensitization for food allergy should be limited to controlled trials.