Conditions for highly efficient anti-Stokes conversion in gas-filled hollow core waveguides

Using a four-mode theoretical analysis we show that highly efficient anti-Stokes conversion in waveguides is more challenging to realize in practice than previously thought. By including the dynamics of conversion to 2(nd) Stokes via stimulated Raman scattering and four-wave mixing, models predict only narrow, unstable regions of highly efficient anti-Stokes conversion. Experimental results of single-pass Raman conversion in confined capillary waveguides validate these predictions. This places more stringent conditions on systems that require highly efficient single-pass anti-Stokes conversion.