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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Surface waves in two-photon photorefractive media.

Xiangkui Ren1, Tianhao Zhang, Huihui Ma

  • 1Photonics Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials, and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Applied Optics
|April 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We theoretically show that two-photon photorefractive media can support surface waves. An external electric field can tune the spatial frequency of these photorefractive surface waves, enabling mode transformation.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photorefractive materials are crucial for optical applications.
  • Surface waves offer unique light-matter interaction properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the theoretical possibility of surface waves in two-photon photorefractive media.
  • To explore the control mechanisms for photorefractive surface waves.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of the evolution equation for surface waves.
  • Theoretical analysis of wave propagation in two-photon photorefractive media.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation that two-photon photorefractive media can support surface waves.
  • Demonstration that an external electric field can alter the spatial frequency of these waves.

Conclusions:

  • Two-photon photorefractive effect enables surface wave propagation.
  • External electric fields provide a tunable method for controlling surface wave modes.