Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder: a retrospective, population-based
Yan Chen1, Jeff J Guo, Michael Steinbuch
1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45267-0004, USA. yance@email.uc.edu
Introduction:
Current data regarding risk factors of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are limited. This study aims to examine factors associated with increased risk of NMS in patients with bipolar disorder.
Methods:
A retrospective, population-based, case-control study was performed using a medical claims database covering January 1998 to December 2002. Fifty cases with a diagnosis of NMS were identified and matched with 800 controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of risk of NMS.
Results:
Antipsychotic use was associated with an increased risk of NMS after controlling for other pharmacologic and clinical factors (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.08-5.19). Other factors associated with an increased risk of NMS included being male (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.07-4.02), confusion (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.17-7.28), dehydration (OR = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.50-10.57), delirium (OR = 4.93, 95% CI = 2.07-11.72), and extrapyramidal symptoms (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.10-11.09).
Conclusions:
Given the widespread use of antipsychotics for the treatment of bipolar disorder, clinicians should be vigilant of the potential pharmacologic and clinical factors associated with increased risk of NMS in patients with bipolar disorder.
Related Concept Videos
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview
Bipolar Disorder
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia