Validation of a C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model using specimen-specific flexibility data

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Computational Modeling
• Spinal Research

Background:

• Cervical spine injuries require accurate biomechanical models for research.
• Finite element analysis (FEA) is a valuable tool for simulating spinal mechanics.
• Developing specimen-specific models enhances the accuracy of biomechanical predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a specimen-specific C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model.
• To assess the biomechanical response of the cervical spine under various loading conditions.
• To investigate the contribution of spinal ligaments to cervical spine stability.

Main Methods:

• A C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model was constructed using multiblock meshing.
• Model validation was performed using in-house experimental flexibility data from a cadaveric specimen.
• Functional spinal units (FSUs) were tested intact and after sequential ligamentous removal, with material properties calibrated to experimental data.

Main Results:

• The calibrated finite element model demonstrated good agreement with nonlinear experimental loading curves.
• The model accurately predicted motion at each C2-C7 spinal level under pure moments.
• The study successfully simulated the biomechanical response of the cervical spine to flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.

Conclusions:

• A validated, specimen-specific C2-C7 finite element model can accurately represent cervical spine biomechanics.
• This model serves as a robust tool for investigating the effects of injury and treatment on cervical spine response.
• The developed model facilitates further biomechanical investigations into the cervical spine.