Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

Subviral Agents

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Differential effects of antiemetic serotonin receptor antagonist Ondansetron on nausea associated with CHRM3 rs2165870 and TACR1 rs3755468 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Molecular brain·2025

Same author

rs1051931 Nonsynonymous Polymorphism of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Gene <i>PLA2G7</i> Is Associated with Dysesthesia and Pain Severity After Surgery.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

Formation and Long-Term Culture of hiPSC-Derived Sensory Nerve Organoids Using Microfluidic Devices.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

<i>TMEM132C</i> rs7296262 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Significantly Associated with Nausea Induced by Opioids Administered for Cancer Pain and Postoperative Pain.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024

Same author

rs12411980 single-nucleotide polymorphism related to <i>PRTFDC1</i> expression is significantly associated with phantom tooth pain.

Molecular pain·2024

Same author

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the <i>PAR2</i> and <i>IL-17A</i> Genes Are Significantly Associated with Chronic Pain.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

2A protease is not a prerequisite for poliovirus replication.

Hiroko Igarashi¹, Yasuko Yoshino, Miwako Miyazawa

¹Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Journal of Virology

|April 16, 2010

Summary

Poliovirus 2A(pro) is not essential for progeny virus formation or replication of P1-null poliovirus. A poliovirus lacking 2A(pro) can still express foreign genes, suggesting its potential as a vector.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Published on: November 12, 2015

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Published on: November 12, 2015

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Poliovirus (PV) 2A(pro) protease is crucial for PV replication and host cell toxicity.
A PV deficient in 2A(pro) could offer reduced toxicity and serve as a potential vector.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the necessity of 2A(pro) for progeny virus formation in dicistronic PV.
To determine the role of 2A(pro) in the replication of P1-null PV.
To assess the potential of 2A(pro)-deficient PV as a gene expression vector.

Main Methods:

Construction of full-length dicistronic PV cDNA with and without 2A(pro).
Examination of RNA replication and progeny virus formation for various P1-null PV constructs.
Assessment of foreign gene expression using a P1-null PV vector.

Main Results:

Dicistronic PV and P1-null PV lacking 2A(pro) formed progeny viruses.
2A(pro) was not essential for P1-null PV replication when P1 protein was supplied trans.
A 2A(pro)-deficient P1-null PV successfully expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP).

Conclusions:

Poliovirus 2A(pro) is not essential for progeny virus formation or P1-null PV replication.
2A(pro) contributes to efficient viral replication and cytopathic effect induction.
2A(pro)-deficient poliovirus demonstrates potential as a vector for foreign gene expression.