Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Intensifying Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec Treatment With Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Treat-to-Target, Phase 3b Trial (ONWARDS 8).

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Glycaemic Control According to the Final Insulin Dose Using an Innovative Fixed-Dose Titration of Weekly Insulin Efsitora in Insulin-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Author Correction: A Bayesian decision support system for automated insulin doses in adults with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections: a randomized controlled trial.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Screening for Fear of Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes: Aligning Clinical Practice With Current Guidelines.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2026
Same author

A systematic review of glucocorticoid use in type 1 diabetes: Glycaemic effects and clinical management strategies.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Evaluation, Management and Therapeutic Approach of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Delphi Expert Consensus.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Practical guidance to insulin management.

Luigi Meneghini1, Sara Artola, Salvatore Caputo

  • 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA. lmeneghi@med.miami.edu <lmeneghi@med.miami.edu>

Primary Care Diabetes
|April 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This practical guidance helps primary care physicians (PCPs) optimize insulin management for type 2 diabetes patients. It provides a structured approach to timely insulin initiation, improving long-term health outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Primary Care Medicine
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Primary care physicians (PCPs) play an increasing role in managing type 2 diabetes.
  • Optimizing insulin management is crucial for reducing long-term morbidity risks in diabetic patients.
  • Existing guidance may not fully address the complexities of insulin initiation and ongoing management in primary care settings.

Framework:

  • The 'TIME' (Targets, Insulin, Managing weight, Encouragement and support) framework offers a structured approach to insulin therapy.
  • This visually appealing guidance simplifies complex decision-making for insulin initiation and follow-up.
  • Developed by international diabetes care experts, it ensures evidence-based recommendations.

Implementation:

  • The guidance is designed as a practical tool for healthcare providers, especially PCPs.
  • It facilitates confident, appropriate, and timely insulin initiation for patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • The tool supports physicians in addressing patient challenges from diagnosis through long-term management.

Implications:

  • Improved patient outcomes through optimized insulin management and reduced long-term morbidity.
  • Enhanced confidence and competence of PCPs in managing insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes.
  • Standardized, evidence-based approach to insulin management in primary care settings.