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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Significance of Displacement Current01:27

Significance of Displacement Current

A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
Position and Displacement Vectors01:00

Position and Displacement Vectors

To describe the motion of an object, one should first be able to describe its position (where it is at any particular time). More precisely, the position needs to be specified relative to a convenient frame of reference. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes from which the position and motion of an object are described. Earth is often used as a frame of reference to describe the position of an object in relation to stationary objects on Earth.
Further, several important kinds of...
Position and Displacement Vectors01:00

Position and Displacement Vectors

To describe the motion of an object, one should first be able to describe its position (where it is at any particular time). More precisely, the position needs to be specified relative to a convenient frame of reference. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes from which the position and motion of an object are described. Earth is often used as a frame of reference to describe the position of an object in relation to stationary objects on Earth.
Further, several important kinds of...
Displacement Current01:19

Displacement Current

Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes
06:56

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

Published on: May 23, 2017

Displacement fields (U, W) obtained simultaneously by moiré interferometry.

M L Basehore, D Post

    Applied Optics
    |April 17, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel method using phase gratings and optical techniques to measure both in-plane and out-of-plane displacements on specimen surfaces. The technique offers high sensitivity for static and dynamic analyses.

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    Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes
    06:56

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    Published on: May 23, 2017

    Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy
    15:04

    Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

    Published on: July 3, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Mechanical Engineering

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of surface displacements is crucial for understanding material behavior under stress.
    • Existing methods may have limitations in sensitivity or applicability to dynamic events.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a new optical method for whole-field measurement of in-plane (U) and out-of-plane (W) displacements.
    • To achieve high sensitivity in displacement measurements using a phase grating technique.

    Main Methods:

    • Illuminating a specimen with a high-frequency phase grating using two oblique beams.
    • Analyzing diffracted beams for wavefront warpages to determine displacement fields.
    • Employing moiré and optical filtering techniques on contour maps to obtain fringe patterns for U and W.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated sensitivities of 0.833 microm/fringe for in-plane displacements and 0.132 microm/fringe for out-of-plane displacements.
    • Successfully obtained whole-field fringe patterns representing both U and W displacement fields.
    • The data acquisition process was found to be experimentally simple.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method provides a sensitive and straightforward approach for measuring surface displacements.
    • The technique is suitable for both static and dynamic analysis of materials.
    • This optical method offers a valuable tool for experimental mechanics and material characterization.