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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Instrument Calibration01:12

Instrument Calibration

Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares01:20

Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares

A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
For data that follow a straight line, the standard method for fitting is the linear...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
10:22

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

Published on: September 7, 2019

Absorption technique for OH measurements and calibration.

D M Bakalyar, J V James, C C Wang

    Applied Optics
    |April 17, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details an absorption technique using a tunable dye laser and White cell for sensitive molecule detection. While effective in the lab, atmospheric interference limits its use for real-time environmental monitoring.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Chemistry
    • Laser Spectroscopy
    • Environmental Monitoring

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of atmospheric radicals like hydroxyl (OH) is crucial for understanding air quality and chemical processes.
    • Existing techniques may have limitations in sensitivity or applicability to ambient conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a high-sensitivity absorption technique for detecting trace molecules.
    • To assess the feasibility of this technique for calibrating fluorescence instruments and direct environmental monitoring.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a stabilized frequency-doubled tunable dye laser.
    • Employed a long-path White cell with high mirror reflectivities in both red and UV ranges.
    • Tested the technique under laboratory conditions with varying path lengths (sub-meter to 1 km).

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    Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
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    Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

    Published on: February 19, 2013

    Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae
    10:20

    Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae

    Published on: July 10, 2015

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    Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

    Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
    10:22

    Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

    Published on: September 7, 2019

    Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
    12:48

    Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

    Published on: February 19, 2013

    Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae
    10:20

    Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae

    Published on: July 10, 2015

    Main Results:

    • Achieved laboratory detection sensitivity of 3x10^-6 over <1 m paths.
    • Demonstrated a sensitivity of ~6x10^-5 over ~1 km paths, corresponding to 3x10^6 OH molecules/cm^3.
    • Identified atmospheric fluctuations and laser intensity variations as significant limitations for outdoor use.

    Conclusions:

    • The described absorption technique offers high sensitivity for laboratory-based measurements and instrument calibration.
    • Direct monitoring of ambient hydroxyl radical concentrations using this method is unlikely due to environmental interference.
    • Further research may be needed to mitigate atmospheric effects for outdoor applications.