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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water
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Single-mode fiber-optic directional coupler.

S Masuda1, T Iwama

  • 1Fujitsu Laboratories, Ltd., 1015 Kamikodanaka Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211, Japan.

Applied Optics
|April 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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A new compact single-mode fiber optical directional coupler (SMF-ODC) was developed for fiber optic gyroscopes and reflectometers. This device offers low loss and high directivity, minimizing crosstalk for improved performance.

Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Fiber Optics

Background:

  • Single-mode fiber optical directional couplers (SMF-ODCs) are crucial components in optical systems.
  • Existing SMF-ODCs may face challenges with loss, directivity, and crosstalk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-loss, compact SMF-ODC.
  • To enhance performance for applications like fiber optic gyroscopes and reflectometers.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an SMF-ODC using two sapphire ball lenses, a half-mirror, and two ferrules.
  • Alignment of two fibers with concave endfaces parallel within a ferrule.
  • Tilting of optical and mechanical axes to minimize crosstalk.

Main Results:

  • Achieved excess loss of 1.5-2.5 dB in the 1.2-1.5 micrometer wavelength range.

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  • Demonstrated directivity of 53 dB at 1.3 micrometers and 51 dB at 1.53 micrometers.
  • Exhibited low light polarization dependency (< or =0.1 dB) and high return loss (> or =43 dB).

    • Conclusions:

    • The developed SMF-ODC is compact and exhibits low loss.
    • The design effectively minimizes crosstalk and offers high directivity and return loss.
    • This SMF-ODC is suitable for demanding applications such as fiber optic gyroscopes and reflectometers.