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Related Concept Videos

Pole and System Stability01:24

Pole and System Stability

The transfer function is a fundamental concept representing the ratio of two polynomials. The numerator and denominator encapsulate the system's dynamics. The zeros and poles of this transfer function are critical in determining the system's behavior and stability.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's response.
Torsional Pendulum01:09

Torsional Pendulum

A torsional pendulum involves the oscillation of a rigid body in which the restoring force is provided by the torsion in the string from which the rigid body is suspended. Ideally, the string should be massless; practically, its mass is much smaller than the rigid body's mass and is neglected.
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played by the...
Galvanometer01:24

Galvanometer

Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform magnetic...
Stability01:28

Stability

The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
Instrument Calibration01:12

Instrument Calibration

Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position01:04

Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position

Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so because...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Fiber-Coupled, and Air-Spaced Fabry-Pérot Etalon
07:22

Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Fiber-Coupled, and Air-Spaced Fabry-Pérot Etalon

Published on: February 3, 2023

Stable and rugged etalon for the Dynamics Explorer Fabry-Perot interferometer. 2: Performance.

T L Killeen1, P B Hays, B C Kennedy

  • 1University of Michigan, Space Physics Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Applied Optics
|April 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Dynamics Explorer spacecraft

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric science
  • Space physics
  • Optical instrumentation

Background:

  • The Dynamics Explorer spacecraft utilizes a Fabry-Perot etalon for upper atmospheric wind measurements.
  • Accurate wind data relies on the etalon's long-term thermal stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the development and performance of the Fabry-Perot etalon.
  • To analyze thermal stability and thermomechanical coupling issues affecting etalon performance.
  • To present a novel kinematic mount design for improved stability.

Main Methods:

  • Development and flight of a Fabry-Perot etalon on the Dynamics Explorer spacecraft.
  • Implementation of passive thermal control systems.
  • Design and testing of a new kinematic etalon mount.
  • Thermal vacuum testing to identify sources of transmission drift.

Main Results:

  • The etalon demonstrated high stability, with wind measurement drift <5 m/sec per orbit and <100 m/sec over months.
  • A new kinematic mount design effectively minimized thermomechanical coupling.
  • Thermal vacuum tests pinpointed key causes of thermally induced drift in etalon transmission.

Conclusions:

  • The Fabry-Perot etalon on the Dynamics Explorer spacecraft achieved excellent thermal stability for upper atmospheric wind measurements.
  • The developed kinematic mount design is crucial for maintaining etalon performance in orbit.
  • Understanding and mitigating thermally induced drift is essential for accurate remote sensing instruments.