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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Heritability01:06

Heritability

Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic" a trait is,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

An Overview on the Genetics of ADHD.

Anita Thapar1, Evangelia Stergiakouli

  • 1Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.

Xin Li Xue Bao. Acta Psychologica Sinica
|April 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heritable childhood disorder. Genetic research shows links between ADHD and dopamine genes, with potential gene-environment interactions influencing the condition.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset disorder with familial and heritable components.
  • Traditional studies (family, twin, adoption) confirm ADHD's genetic basis.
  • Current research explores ADHD phenotype definition, gender differences, continuity, comorbidity, and gene-environment interplay.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current molecular genetic findings in ADHD.
  • To examine the evidence for specific gene associations and their influence on ADHD phenotypes.
  • To highlight the importance of gene-environment interactions in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional candidate gene association studies, pooled analyses, and meta-analyses.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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  • Examination of twin studies for phenotype definition, gender differences, continuity, comorbidity, and gene-environment interplay.
  • Analysis of linkage studies and consideration of whole-genome association studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent associations found between ADHD and dopamine D4 receptor gene (VNTR) and dopamine D5 receptor gene (microsatellite).
    • Evidence suggests the COMT val158/108 met variant influences conduct problems in individuals with ADHD.
    • Linkage studies indicate no major genes of moderate effect size; large-scale WGA studies are pending.

    Conclusions:

    • Investigating gene-phenotype links and gene variant effects on the ADHD phenotype is crucial.
    • Gene-environment interplay is increasingly recognized in psychopathology, but causal environmental risk factors for ADHD remain largely unknown.