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Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils.

E V Lau1, S Gan, H K Ng

  • 1Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia.

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
|April 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This review covers analytical extraction methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils, discussing influencing factors and desorption kinetics models for effective soil analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants found in soils, posing environmental and health risks.
  • Accurate quantification of PAHs in soil requires efficient and reliable analytical extraction techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various analytical extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples.
  • To discuss critical factors influencing PAH extraction efficiency from soil matrices.
  • To examine models describing the kinetics of PAH desorption during solvent extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Soxhlet extraction
  • Ultrasonic and mechanical agitation
  • Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)
  • Supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction (SFE)
  • Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)
  • Solid phase extraction (SPE) and microextraction (SPME)
  • Thermal desorption and flash pyrolysis
  • Fluidised-bed extraction

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive overview of diverse extraction technologies for PAHs in soils is presented.
  • Key parameters affecting extraction, including temperature, solvent type, and soil moisture, are analyzed.
  • Various models for PAH desorption kinetics are reviewed, aiding in understanding extraction processes.

Conclusions:

  • The selection of an appropriate extraction technique depends on specific analytical goals and soil characteristics.
  • Understanding influencing factors and desorption kinetics is crucial for optimizing PAH analysis in soils.
  • This review provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in environmental monitoring and analysis.