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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

Picornaviruses.

Tobias J Tuthill¹, Elisabetta Groppelli, James M Hogle

¹Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK. toby.tuthill@bbsrc.ac.uk

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

|April 17, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Picornaviruses are simple RNA viruses that infect humans and livestock. Understanding how these viruses deliver their genetic material into cells is crucial, as current models only explain a few types.

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Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

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Published on: March 2, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Published on: March 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Virology
Structural Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Picornaviruses are small, single-stranded RNA viruses with icosahedral capsids.
Many picornaviruses are significant human and livestock pathogens.
Their structures are well-studied using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the poorly understood mechanisms of picornavirus genome release and transport across cellular membranes.
To explore how different picornaviruses, particularly cardio- and aphthoviruses, deliver their RNA into the cytoplasm.
To determine the general applicability of cell entry models across the picornavirus family.

Main Methods:

X-ray crystallography to determine virus particle and complex structures.
Cryo-electron microscopy for lower-resolution structural analysis.
Identification of viral receptors and co-receptors.

Main Results:

Picornavirus structures, including entry intermediates and receptor complexes, have been elucidated.
Multiple receptors and co-receptors are involved in picornavirus cell binding.
Cell entry mechanisms are well-studied for enteroviruses but poorly understood for other groups like cardioviruses and aphthoviruses.

Conclusions:

While receptor interactions are increasingly understood, picornavirus genome delivery mechanisms remain largely enigmatic.
Existing models for enterovirus cell entry may not apply to all picornaviruses.
Further research is needed to develop models for genome delivery by viruses that dissociate into subunits.