Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

08:43
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) of Metal-Ceramic Components
Published on: January 11, 2019
The FTB (Flores Twin Block): a new fixed functional appliance
Summary
This study introduces a novel fixed functional appliance for treating Class II malocclusions, improving patient comfort and treatment effectiveness. The new design leverages biomechanical principles for successful skeletal dysplasia correction.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Biomechanical Engineering in Dentistry
Background:
- Malocclusions, particularly skeletal dysplasia, are common dental issues.
- Functional appliances are used to correct these issues by harnessing the stomatognathic system's potential.
- Existing functional appliances include removable and fixed types, with varying designs and effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a new design for fixed functional appliances.
- To apply biomechanical principles, specifically the Twin Block concept, to this new design.
- To evaluate the efficacy and patient comfort of the novel appliance in treating Class II malocclusions.
Main Methods:
- Development of a new fixed functional appliance design.
- Incorporation of biomechanical principles from the Twin Block appliance.
- Clinical application and evaluation of the new appliance in Class II cases.
Main Results:
- The new fixed functional appliance design offers improved patient comfort compared to existing options.
- The appliance demonstrates a more effective response in correcting Class II malocclusions.
- Successful treatment outcomes were achieved in Class II cases using the novel appliance.
Conclusions:
- The presented fixed functional appliance design is a promising advancement for Class II malocclusion treatment.
- This innovation enhances patient comfort and treatment effectiveness.
- The new design offers a successful approach to correcting skeletal dysplasia underlying Class II malocclusions.
Related Concept Videos
Manufacture of Concrete Masonry Units
The process of manufacturing concrete masonry units begins by mixing stiff concrete composed of Portland cement, aggregates, and water. This mixture is then poured into metal molds. To ensure the concrete settles uniformly and to avoid separation of its components, the mixture in the molds is subjected to vibration. Shortly after, the still-wet blocks are removed from the molds and placed on racks.
These wet blocks are then transported for curing, which can occur in one of two environments: a...
These wet blocks are then transported for curing, which can occur in one of two environments: a...
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from the...
A household refrigerator removes heat from the...
Brick Cutting Techniques
Brick-cutting techniques involve various tools and methods to shape bricks for construction. A mason's hammer with a chisel-pointed end is used for basic shaping through sharp, precise strikes. For more complex shapes requiring higher precision, a power saw with a water-cooled diamond blade is used.
Cut bricks are categorized by size. Bricks cut to half their original length are called half-bats, while those cut to three-fourths their length are known as three-fourth bats.
Special types of cut...
Cut bricks are categorized by size. Bricks cut to half their original length are called half-bats, while those cut to three-fourths their length are known as three-fourth bats.
Special types of cut...
Single Pipe Systems
In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are known. The...
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are known. The...
Brick Masonry
Brick masonry uses bricks as the building blocks and involves building walls from individual bricks laid in mortar. The basic building block of brick masonry is the wythe, a vertical layer of bricks with a thickness of one brick. Within a wythe, bricks can be laid in various courses or patterns, with the most common being the stretcher course, where bricks are laid with their long edge horizontal and face parallel to the wall.
For thicker walls, multiple wythes are bonded together using...
For thicker walls, multiple wythes are bonded together using...
Design Example: Designing a Residential Plumbing System
The design of residential plumbing systems requires carefully evaluating water demand, flow rates, and pressure dynamics to ensure both efficiency and reliability. The nature of water flow within pipes is defined by its Reynolds number, which classifies flow as either laminar (smooth) or turbulent.

