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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...

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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Developing and evaluating comprehensive HIV infection control strategies: issues and challenges.

Victor DeGruttola1, Davey M Smith, Susan J Little

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. victor@sdac.harvard.edu

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Developing effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention is challenging. This article explores new HIV prevention strategies, including antiretroviral treatment, to control the epidemic.

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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

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Published on: October 31, 2010

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19:57

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exists, but prevention remains a significant challenge.
  • The urgent need for new strategies to control the global HIV epidemic necessitates exploring novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on HIV prevention modalities.
  • To examine the drivers of the HIV epidemic within specific communities.
  • To discuss challenges in investigating test-and-treat strategies and propose future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on HIV prevention.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and community-specific HIV drivers.
  • Discussion of methodological challenges in evaluating "test-and-treat" interventions.

Main Results:

  • Prevention of HIV infection is more complex than treatment.
  • Understanding community-specific epidemic drivers is crucial for effective prevention.
  • Investigating combined prevention strategies, including antiretroviral treatment, is of significant interest.

Conclusions:

  • New strategies combining antiretroviral treatment with other modalities are needed to control the HIV epidemic.
  • Addressing challenges in research is vital for evaluating the impact of prevention strategies.
  • Future research should focus on integrated approaches to mitigate HIV spread.