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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor
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Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor

Published on: August 15, 2017

Calcium-dependent physiological processes in trees.

S Lautner1, J Fromm

  • 1University of Hamburg, Institute for Wood Biology, Hamburg, Germany.

Plant Biology (Stuttgart, Germany)
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium is vital for tree growth and stress response, regulating processes from cell division to wood formation. Calcium deficiency impairs poplar trees

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Plant Biochemistry
  • Forest Science

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca2+) is a crucial plant nutrient involved in numerous physiological processes.
  • Its role extends to regulating growth, cell wall structure, and responses to environmental stresses.
  • Understanding calcium's specific functions in woody plants like poplar is essential for forest health and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of calcium in poplar tree physiology.
  • To investigate calcium's involvement in growth, wood formation, and stress responses.
  • To highlight calcium's dual function as a signaling molecule and structural component.

Main Methods:

  • Observed transient changes in cambial calcium content during spring reactivation.
  • Assessed the impact of reduced calcium supply on wood formation parameters (increment, vessel size, fiber length, lignin composition).
  • Evaluated poplar responses to wounding and cold shock under calcium-starved conditions.

Main Results:

  • Calcium levels significantly increased in poplar cambium and apical meristem during spring growth and bud flush.
  • Calcium deficiency markedly reduced wood increment, vessel size, fiber length, and altered S-lignin composition.
  • Calcium-starved poplars exhibited impaired responses to wounding and cold shock, indicating a compromised signaling capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium is indispensable for poplar tree growth, particularly during cambial reactivation and wood development.
  • It functions both as a critical intracellular signal and a structural component essential for cell wall integrity.
  • Adequate calcium supply is necessary for poplar trees to effectively perceive and respond to environmental stresses.