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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

PMirP: a pre-microRNA prediction method based on structure-sequence hybrid features.

Dongyu Zhao¹, Yan Wang, Di Luo

¹College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, PR China.

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

|April 20, 2010

Summary

This study introduces an improved method for predicting pre-microRNA using novel features and a web server, achieving high accuracy and efficiency. The PMirP web server offers enhanced prediction capacity compared to existing tools.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

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Published on: May 1, 2021

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A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

Published on: August 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs crucial for gene regulation.
Pre-microRNA, an intermediate stage, undergoes nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and processing.
Accurate prediction of pre-miRNA is essential for understanding miRNA biogenesis and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an improved computational method for pre-microRNA prediction.
To integrate novel features, including double helix structure, free nucleotides, and base-pairing, into pre-miRNA identification.
To create a user-friendly web server for efficient pre-miRNA prediction.

Main Methods:

Utilized a support vector machine (SVM) with a novel hybrid coding scheme.
Incorporated features such as left-triplet method, free nucleotides, minimum free energy, and base-pairing.
Tested the method on human pre-miRNA, 11 other species, and recent pre-miRNA sequences.

Main Results:

Developed an improved pre-miRNA prediction method and a web server named PMirP.
Achieved high prediction specificity (98.4%) and sensitivity (94.9%) for human pre-miRNAs.
The PMirP web server is publicly accessible for bioinformatics research.

Conclusions:

The proposed method significantly enhances pre-miRNA prediction efficiency and accuracy.
PMirP demonstrates lower computational complexity and higher throughput than the Mipred web server.
This advancement aids in the identification and study of pre-microRNAs across various species.