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Related Concept Videos

American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
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Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
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Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

In Vitro Drug Screening Against All Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi Using Parasites Expressing β-galactosidase
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In Vitro Drug Screening Against All Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi Using Parasites Expressing β-galactosidase

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Chagas disease.

Anis Rassi1, Anis Rassi, José Antonio Marin-Neto

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Anis Rassi Hospital, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. arassijr@terra.com.br

Lancet (London, England)
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chagas disease, a parasitic infection affecting 8 million, has seen improved control through vector management and blood screening. Early detection and novel therapies are crucial for managing this emerging global health issue.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Chagas disease is a chronic parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, endemic in Latin America and affecting approximately 8 million people.
  • A significant portion (30-40%) of infected individuals develop severe complications like cardiomyopathy or digestive issues.
  • Recent decades show progress in Chagas disease control, yet challenges persist, including its emergence in non-endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Chagas disease management and control.
  • To highlight persistent challenges and areas for future research and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data and control program outcomes.
  • Analysis of current treatment strategies and risk stratification models.

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  • Discussion of emerging trends and unmet needs in Chagas disease management.

    • Main Results:

    • Vector control and blood donor screening have successfully reduced Chagas disease incidence and prevalence.
    • Current treatments like benznidazole and nifurtimox are effective and recommended for a broader patient group.
    • Improved risk stratification models aid in guiding treatment to potentially halt or reverse disease progression.

    Conclusions:

    • While control measures have improved, Chagas disease remains a significant public health concern, particularly due to population mobility.
    • Early detection and treatment of asymptomatic cases are underutilized.
    • Further research is needed to assess novel therapies and address the global spread of Chagas disease.