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Related Concept Videos

Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
Shock Waves01:16

Shock Waves

While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high pressures...
Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities01:19

Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities

An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the most...
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive and...
Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in pressure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Blast Quantification Using Hopkinson Pressure Bars
09:41

Blast Quantification Using Hopkinson Pressure Bars

Published on: July 5, 2016

Pulse compression at an abrupt dispersive interface.

N M Lawandy1

  • 1Brown University, Division of Engineering, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.

Applied Optics
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reflection from resonant media can narrow and multiply optical pulses. This research demonstrates the potential for generating ultrashort pulses as brief as 15 femtoseconds (fsec) for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Quantum Electronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Optical pulse manipulation is crucial for advanced technologies.
  • Dielectric-resonant medium interfaces offer unique light-matter interaction properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pulse narrowing and multiplication via reflection.
  • To explore the feasibility of generating ultrashort optical pulses.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of pulse reflection at a dielectric-resonant medium interface.
  • Consideration of asymmetric Fourier transform-limited pulses.
  • Discussion of experimental setups using colliding pulse mode-locking.

Main Results:

  • Reflection can induce significant pulse narrowing and multiplication.
  • Demonstrated potential for achieving pulses as short as 15 femtoseconds (fsec).

Conclusions:

  • Interface reflection is a viable method for ultrashort pulse generation.
  • Experimental validation using colliding pulse mode-locking is feasible.