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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues
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Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues

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Combinatorial reconstruction of half-sibling groups from microsatellite data.

Saad I Sheikh1, Tanya Y Berger-Wolf, Ashfaq A Khokhar

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St (M/C 152), Chicago, IL 60607, USA. saad@saadsheikh.com

Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Reconstructing half-sibling groups from microsatellite data is challenging. This study introduces a new formulation, exact solutions, and heuristics, proving competitive with existing software, especially in polygamous populations.

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Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues
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Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Published on: November 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Full-sibling group reconstruction is established.
  • Half-sibling reconstruction is less studied, theoretically complex, and computationally intensive.
  • Polygamy is common in natural populations, complicating kinship analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate the half-sibling reconstruction problem.
  • To address the theoretical and computational challenges.
  • To develop and evaluate novel methods for half-sibling group reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of the half-sibling reconstruction problem.
  • Proof of APX-hardness for the problem.
  • Development of exact solutions and heuristic algorithms.
  • Experimental validation using biological and synthetic datasets.

Main Results:

  • The proposed formulation is computationally demanding, proven to be APX-hard.
  • Developed exact solutions and effective heuristics.
  • Experimental results demonstrate competitive performance against COLONY.
  • Successfully enabled half-sibling reconstruction in polygamous scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methods offer a viable approach to half-sibling reconstruction.
  • The work addresses a significant gap in kinship analysis, particularly for polygamous species.
  • The developed heuristics provide efficient solutions for complex genetic data.