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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics
07:38

Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics

Published on: May 17, 2019

Xerostomia in head and neck malignancy.

S R Porter1, S Fedele, K M Habbab

  • 1Oral Medicine and Special Needs Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom. s.porter@eastman.ucl.ac.uk

Oral Oncology
|April 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer frequently causes dry mouth (xerostomia) and salivary gland dysfunction. While challenging to manage, new preventative strategies and treatments are emerging.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics
07:38

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Published on: May 17, 2019

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction
07:44

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Published on: April 24, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Oral Medicine
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies commonly leads to xerostomia (dry mouth).
  • Salivary gland dysfunction significantly impacts oral health, systemic well-being, and patient quality of life.
  • Current management of radiotherapy-induced salivary dysfunction presents considerable challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of radiotherapy on salivary gland function.
  • To discuss current challenges in managing radiotherapy-associated salivary dysfunction.
  • To highlight advances in preventative strategies and potential future treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of radiotherapy effects on salivary glands.
  • Analysis of current management strategies for xerostomia.
  • Exploration of emerging preventative and therapeutic options.

Main Results:

  • Radiotherapy is a primary cause of xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients.
  • Salivary gland dysfunction has multifaceted negative health consequences.
  • Significant progress is being made in developing new interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Despite management difficulties, advancements in prevention offer hope.
  • Future therapeutic options for radiotherapy-induced dry mouth are anticipated.
  • Improving quality of life for cancer patients requires addressing salivary dysfunction.