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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
08:56

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

Published on: June 9, 2015

CD8 locus nuclear dynamics during thymocyte development.

Eleni Ktistaki1, Anna Garefalaki, Adam Williams

  • 1Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression in lymphocytes involves nuclear architecture changes. The CD8 gene locus relocates outside its territory, forming an active chromatin hub during expression in T cell development.

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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Published on: February 3, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
08:56

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Published on: June 9, 2015

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis
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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Nuclear architecture and chromatin organization play crucial roles in regulating gene expression.
  • Understanding how gene loci are spatially arranged is key to deciphering developmental pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial arrangement of regulatory elements within the mouse CD8 gene locus during T cell development.
  • To identify long-range interactions between these elements and their repositioning relative to subchromosomal territories.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH).
  • Chromosome conformation capture (3C) techniques.

Main Results:

  • CD8 gene expression in murine lymphocytes correlates with the relocation of the CD8 locus outside its subchromosomal territory.
  • This relocation is associated with the formation of a compact active chromatin hub involving regulatory elements in expressing cells.
  • Similar repositioning was observed for the CD4 locus, suggesting a general mechanism in T cell development.
  • In non-expressing cells, the CD8 locus remains within its chromosomal domain with no apparent interaction between regulatory elements.

Conclusions:

  • Gene locus repositioning and the formation of active chromatin hubs are critical events during T cell development and gene activation.
  • Spatial organization of regulatory elements is a fundamental aspect of orchestrating gene expression during lymphocyte differentiation.