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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Published on: March 20, 2012

CHO oxidation from a CHO gel compared with a drink during exercise.

Beate Pfeiffer¹, Trent Stellingwerff, Eric Zaltas

¹School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|April 21, 2010

Summary

Carbohydrate (CHO) gels and drinks containing glucose and fructose are equally effective for athletes, showing similar oxidation rates and efficiencies during prolonged cycling exercise.

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Methods for the Determination of Rates of Glucose and Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Isolated Working Rat Heart

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Published on: September 28, 2016

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Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

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Methods for the Determination of Rates of Glucose and Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Isolated Working Rat Heart

Methods for the Determination of Rates of Glucose and Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Isolated Working Rat Heart

Published on: September 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Nutrition Science

Background:

Glucose (GLU) and fructose (FRC) mixtures enhance carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation by 20%–50% compared to GLU alone.
Athletes commonly use CHO gels, but their oxidation effectiveness versus drinks is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare exogenous CHO oxidation from semisolid gels versus solutions during cycling.

Main Methods:

Eight cyclists completed three 180-min cycling trials at 59% VO2max.
Treatments included a GLU+FRC gel, a GLU+FRC drink (both 1.8 g/min), or plain water, with matched fluid intake.

Main Results:

Exogenous CHO oxidation followed a similar time course for both gel and drink forms.
Peak oxidation rates (1.44 vs 1.42 g/min) and oxidation efficiencies (71% vs 69%) were not significantly different between gel and drink.

Conclusions:

A GLU+FRC mixture is oxidized similarly whether ingested as a gel or a drink.
Both forms support high peak CHO oxidation rates and efficiencies during prolonged exercise.