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Related Concept Videos

iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Surgical Transplantation of Mouse Neural Stem Cells into the Spinal Cords of Mice Infected with Neurotropic Mouse Hepatitis Virus
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Published on: July 10, 2011

Stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: current status and future prospects.

Gianvito Martino1, Robin J M Franklin, Anne Baron Van Evercooren

  • 1Institute of Experimental Neurology-DIBIT 2, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. martino.gianvito@hsr.it

Nature Reviews. Neurology
|April 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis (MS). Their benefits may stem from immunomodulatory and neuroprotective factors, not just cell replacement.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: September 18, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Current MS treatments aim to manage symptoms and reduce disease progression, but effective regenerative therapies are limited.
  • Stem cell transplantation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the use of transplanted stem cells for treating multiple sclerosis.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in MS models and patients.
  • To discuss the safety and efficacy of stem cell transplantation in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies using rodent and primate models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
  • Analysis of available clinical data on autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in progressive MS patients.
  • Examination of the proposed mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated therapeutic effects in MS.

Main Results:

  • Intravenous or intrathecal injection of NPCs and MSCs demonstrated reproducible and robust therapeutic effects in EAE models.
  • Preliminary safety data suggest that intrathecally injected autologous MSCs are well-tolerated in progressive MS patients.
  • Evidence suggests that stem cells exert therapeutic effects through immunomodulatory and neuroprotective factor release, rather than solely through cell replacement.

Conclusions:

  • Transplanted NPCs and MSCs hold significant promise for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
  • The therapeutic mechanisms involve the release of bioactive factors influencing the immune response and promoting neuroprotection.
  • Stem cell transplantation may modulate the regenerative capacity of endogenous CNS stem/precursor cells, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for MS.