Visual defects in Nepalese children with Down syndrome

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Genetics
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Down syndrome (DS) is a common chromosomal anomaly associated with distinct physical features and intellectual limitations.
• Visual defects, particularly refractive errors and binocular anomalies, are common in individuals with DS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence of visual defects, focusing on refractive errors and binocular anomalies, in Nepalese children diagnosed with Down syndrome.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 36 Nepalese children with DS (aged 4 months to 18 years) underwent comprehensive optometric examinations.
• Examinations included cycloplegic refraction, visual acuity assessment using various charts, and evaluation of binocular function via cover tests and other specialized tests.

Main Results:

• 80% of children with DS exhibited significant refractive errors, with hyperopia (55%) and astigmatism (44%) being most prevalent.
• Nystagmus was observed in 28% of the children, while strabismus was less common (5.6%). Other ocular findings included blepharitis and congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Conclusions:

• Nepalese children with Down syndrome demonstrate a high incidence of refractive errors and nystagmus.
• Routine ophthalmic screenings are essential for early detection and management of ocular conditions in this population, aiming to enhance visual function and overall quality of life.