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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

More modifiers move on DNA damage.

Joanna R Morris1

  • 1Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom. jo.morris@genetics.kcl.ac.uk

Cancer Research
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA double-strand break repair involves protein modification. New findings reveal small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation activates BRCA1 ligase activity, crucial for DNA repair and cancer predisposition.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
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Published on: January 31, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) trigger repair protein accumulation.
  • This process is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitylation.
  • BRCA1, a breast cancer predisposition gene, encodes a ubiquitin ligase involved in DSB repair, but its regulation was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of BRCA1 ligase activity following DNA damage.
  • To explore the role of post-translational modifications in DNA damage response pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and data.
  • Analysis of post-translational modification pathways.
  • Focus on SUMOylation in the context of DNA damage and BRCA1 function.

Main Results:

  • A third post-translational modification, SUMOylation, is identified as part of the DNA damage response cascade.
  • SUMOylation enables and activates DNA damage-regulated processes.
  • BRCA1 ligase activity is shown to be regulated by SUMOylation.

Conclusions:

  • SUMOylation is a key regulatory modification in the DNA damage response pathway.
  • This modification is critical for activating BRCA1 ligase activity and other DNA repair processes.
  • Understanding SUMOylation's role provides insights into cancer predisposition and DNA repair mechanisms.