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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

T cells with commitment issues.

Raphael Schneider1

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, CRCHUM-Notre-Dame Hospital, Pavilion JA DeSeve, 1560 Sherbrooke E, Montreal, QC, Canada H2L 4M1. raphael.schneider@umontreal.ca

Science Signaling
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T cells are key to immunity. New research shows that differentiated T cell subsets can change their function, offering insights into immune responses and autoimmune diseases.

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Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice
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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor
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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice
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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • T cells are crucial for cell-mediated immunity, distinguishing between self and non-self antigens.
  • Cytokine signaling drives naive T cells to differentiate into effector T cells or regulatory T cells (Treg cells).
  • Effector T cells combat pathogens, while Treg cells maintain immune homeostasis by suppressing immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the plasticity of differentiated T cell subsets.
  • To explore the signaling mechanisms underlying T cell functional flexibility.
  • To understand the implications for immunity and autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent immunological studies on T cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in T cell plasticity.
  • Comparative study of T cell subset functions.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that certain differentiated T cell subsets exhibit significant phenotypic flexibility.
  • T cell plasticity challenges the notion of irreversible T cell differentiation.
  • Specific signaling pathways are implicated in mediating these functional changes.

Conclusions:

  • T cell plasticity is a critical factor in immune regulation.
  • Understanding T cell flexibility may provide new therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research into T cell signaling mechanisms is warranted.