Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet).

Radiation protection dosimetry·2016
Same author

Realising the European network of biodosimetry: RENEB-status quo.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2014
Same author

Realising the European Network of Biodosimetry (RENEB).

Radiation protection dosimetry·2012
Same author

Interlaboratory comparison of dicentric chromosome assay using electronically transmitted images.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2012
Same author

Biological dosimetry intercomparison exercise: an evaluation of triage and routine mode results by robust methods.

Radiation research·2011
Same author

Close encounters: RIDGEs, hyperacetylated chromatin, radiation breakpoints and genes differentially expressed in tumors cluster at specific human chromosome regions.

Cytogenetic and genome research·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Histone post-translational modifications in DNA damage response.

L Méndez-Acuña1, M V Di Tomaso, F Palitti

  • 1Epigenetics and Genomic Instability Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.

Cytogenetic and Genome Research
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin structure poses a barrier to DNA repair. Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and chromatin remodelers are key to DNA damage response and repair pathways.

More Related Videos

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromatin, creating physical barriers for DNA-interacting enzymes.
  • While transcription regulation by chromatin is well-studied, its role in DNA damage response is gaining attention.
  • Chromatin remodeling involves ATP-dependent complexes and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize histone PTMs involved in DNA repair pathways.
  • To highlight the interplay between chromatin remodelers and DNA repair factors.
  • To discuss the significance of chromatin in the DNA damage response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on histone PTMs and DNA repair.
  • Summary of known histone PTMs in base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER).
  • Overview of histone PTMs in double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways like non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR).

Main Results:

  • Histone PTMs, including phosphorylation (e.g., gammaH2AX), acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitylation, are crucial in DNA repair.
  • Histone variants can be incorporated into nucleosomes, independent of DNA replication, and play roles in DNA repair.
  • Specific PTMs are associated with different DNA repair mechanisms, facilitating the recruitment of repair factors.

Conclusions:

  • Histone PTMs and chromatin remodeling are integral to efficient DNA damage detection and repair.
  • The dynamic interplay between chromatin remodelers and DNA repair machinery is essential for maintaining genome integrity.
  • Understanding these chromatin-based mechanisms provides insights into cellular responses to DNA damage.