Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet).

Radiation protection dosimetry·2016
Same author

Realising the European network of biodosimetry: RENEB-status quo.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2014
Same author

Realising the European Network of Biodosimetry (RENEB).

Radiation protection dosimetry·2012
Same author

Interlaboratory comparison of dicentric chromosome assay using electronically transmitted images.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2012
Same author

Biological dosimetry intercomparison exercise: an evaluation of triage and routine mode results by robust methods.

Radiation research·2011
Same author

Close encounters: RIDGEs, hyperacetylated chromatin, radiation breakpoints and genes differentially expressed in tumors cluster at specific human chromosome regions.

Cytogenetic and genome research·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

Asynchronously replicating Eu/heterochromatic regions shape chromosome damage.

M V Di Tomaso1, W Martínez-López, F Palitti

  • 1Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. marvi@iibce.edu.uy

Cytogenetic and Genome Research
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

DNA replication influences where chromosome damage occurs. UV-C and AluI DNA damage distribution varied based on replication timing and exposure duration in Chinese hamster cells.

More Related Videos

Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP
09:46

Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP

Published on: January 24, 2025

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH
07:54

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Published on: August 19, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP
09:46

Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP

Published on: January 24, 2025

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH
07:54

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Published on: August 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chromosome aberrations arise from DNA damage.
  • DNA replication timing influences susceptibility to damage.
  • Understanding damage distribution aids in comprehending genome stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how DNA replication influences the formation and distribution of chromosome aberrations.
  • To compare the effects of UV-C radiation and AluI restriction enzyme on DNA damage during different S-phase stages.

Main Methods:

  • Chinese hamster (CHO9) X chromosome breakpoints (BP) were analyzed.
  • Early (ES) and late (LS) S-phase cells were identified using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse incorporation.
  • UV-C irradiation and AluI treatment were applied, followed by BrdU immunodetection and metaphase spread analysis.

Main Results:

  • Short UV-C exposures induced BP preferentially in late-replicating heterochromatin (Xq(h)) in LS cells.
  • Long UV-C exposures resulted in BP clustering according to replication time (early replicating euchromatin Xp(e) in ES, Xq(h) in LS).
  • UV-C increased chromatid-type aberrations and gaps, while AluI-induced BP clustered in early replicating euchromatin (Xp(e)) in ES cells but did not increase gaps.

Conclusions:

  • DNA replication timing significantly impacts the distribution of UV-C and AluI-induced DNA damage.
  • UV-C damage distribution is dependent on both replication timing and exposure duration.
  • AluI-induced damage distribution is primarily influenced by replication timing, with no observed increase in gaps.