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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Rat Model of Photochemically-Induced Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
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Published on: November 29, 2015

Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy.

Lorri A Lee1, Nancy J Newman, Ted A Wagner

  • 1Departmentof Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356540BB, 1469 Health Sciences Building, 1959 N.E. Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6540, USA. lorlee@u.washington.edu

Spine
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) after spine surgery is rare but may be linked to long surgeries and significant blood loss. Evidence for preventative measures is very limited, underscoring the need for patient counseling.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Complications

Background:

  • Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a severe complication following spinal fusion surgery.
  • Identifying predictors and preventative measures for ION is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors and preventative strategies for postoperative ION in spine surgery patients.
  • To assess the existing evidence regarding risk factors and interventions for ION.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies published from 1990-2008.
  • Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for ION following spine surgery.
  • Assessed literature quality using GRADE criteria; excluded articles without original material.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria; evidence quality was very low, primarily case reports.
  • ION patients were predominantly male, 30-69 years, undergoing lengthy fusion (>5 hours) with >1L blood loss.
  • Confounding factors and lack of denominators prevented identification of reliable risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative ION after spine surgery is rare, potentially associated with prolonged surgery and significant blood loss.
  • Patient counseling regarding this rare risk is recommended.
  • Evidence for preventative measures is very low; reducing venous congestion may be beneficial.