Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026
14:48
Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis
Published on: May 8, 2021
Bioinformatics of the urinary proteome.
Laurence D Parnell1, Christine M E Schueller
1US Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 22, 2010
Summary
Proteomics research identifies peptide biomarkers for disease detection. Gene and protein annotation provides crucial biological context for health status interpretation.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Genomics
- Proteomics
Background:
- Proteomics studies often isolate peptide fragments from potential biomarkers.
- Identifying these peptides, their parent proteins, and genes is key to understanding biological functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of comprehensive annotation in proteomics-based biomarker discovery.
- To explain how annotation aids in contextualizing biomarker data for health and disease.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and detection of peptide fragments from biological samples.
- Identification of full-length proteins and encoding genes.
- Utilizing bioinformatics tools and mining genome databases for annotation retrieval.
Main Results:
- Annotation provides extensive information on gene/protein function, disease associations, and expression patterns.
- This contextual information links detected peptides to specific health states, including cancers and metabolic disorders.
- Examples include bladder cancer, kidney disease, and diabetes.
Conclusions:
- Extensive gene and protein annotation is crucial for interpreting proteomics findings.
- Annotation enables a deeper understanding of biomarker relevance in various physiological and pathological conditions.
- This approach enhances the utility of proteomics in clinical and research settings.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract
The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
01:13Introduction to Urinary System
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
01:11Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters
The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
01:29Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
01:20Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution
The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
01:29Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...