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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

Reversed crystal growth: implications for crystal engineering.

Wuzong Zhou1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK. wzhou@st-andrews.ac.uk

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Crystal growth may not follow classic theories. Nanoparticle aggregation, surface crystallization, and core extension create perfect crystal morphologies, challenging established models in materials science.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
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Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments
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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Mineralogy

Background:

  • Classic crystal growth theory, established a century ago, is challenged by new findings.
  • Zeolites like analcime and zeolite A exhibit non-traditional growth patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present evidence for reversed crystal growth routes.
  • To highlight the significance of nanoparticle aggregation and surface crystallization in crystal formation.
  • To discuss the implications for crystal engineering and materials science.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of crystal growth in zeolite analcime and zeolite A.
  • Analysis of nanoparticle aggregation, surface crystallization, and core extension mechanisms.
  • Review of evidence from other material systems.

Main Results:

  • Crystal growth can initiate via nanoparticle aggregation, not solely classical nucleation and growth.
  • Surface crystallization followed by inward extension can form polyhedral morphologies.
  • Disordered cores with crystalline surface layers are observed.

Conclusions:

  • Crystal growth is more complex than previously understood, involving reversed routes.
  • This phenomenon has broad implications for controlling crystal morphology and material properties.
  • The findings necessitate a re-evaluation of crystal growth theories across various disciplines.