Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026
09:48
Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
Published on: September 11, 2017
Increased jump height and reduced EMG activity with an external focus
Gabriele Wulf1, Janet S Dufek, Leonardo Lozano
1Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-3034, USA. gabriele.wulf@unlv.edu
Human Movement Science
|April 23, 2010
Summary
External focus instructions enhance jump height by improving neuromuscular coordination. This attentional strategy leads to more efficient movement patterns compared to internal focus.
Area of Science:
- Sport Science
- Motor Control
- Biomechanics
Background:
- External focus instructions are known to enhance motor performance, including jump height.
- Previous research suggests attentional focus influences movement efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms behind the external focus effect on jump height.
- To examine electromyography (EMG) activity during vertical jumps under different attentional conditions.
Main Methods:
- Participants performed vertical jump-and-reach tasks under external and internal focus conditions.
- Electromyography (EMG) of key leg and arm muscles was recorded.
- Jump height and muscle activation patterns were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Jump height was significantly greater with an external focus compared to an internal focus.
- No differences in muscle onset timing were observed between conditions.
- Overall EMG activity was generally lower with an external focus, indicating greater efficiency.
Conclusions:
- External focus of attention enhances neuromuscular coordination during jumping.
- This attentional strategy promotes more effective and efficient movement production.
- Findings support the use of external focus cues to optimize athletic performance.
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