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Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Functional connectivity between task-positive and task-negative brain areas and its relation to working memory

Michelle Hampson¹, Naomi Driesen, Jennifer K Roth

¹Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. michelle.hampson@yale.edu

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

|April 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Anticorrelations between task-positive and task-negative brain regions are linked to cognitive function. This study confirms this link using a novel analysis that avoids global regression artifacts, validating previous findings.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

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Published on: February 1, 2012

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Published on: June 20, 2012

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Published on: July 16, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Functional Brain Imaging

Background:

Functional brain imaging identifies task-positive and task-negative brain areas.
Anticorrelations between these areas are observed at rest and linked to cognitive function.
Previous studies' reliance on global regression has raised questions about the validity of these anticorrelations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate anticorrelations between the medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex (a task-negative region) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (a task-positive region).
To determine if the strength of functional connectivity between these regions relates to cognitive function.
To validate findings by employing an analysis that does not include global regression.

Main Methods:

Examined anticorrelations between medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Utilized an analysis approach that does not include global regression.
Controlled for whole-brain correlations at the group-level analysis.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a relationship between the strength of functional connectivity between the medial frontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cognitive function.
Confirmed that this relationship is not an artifact of global regression.
Provided evidence for robust anticorrelations between task-negative and task-positive brain regions.

Conclusions:

The functional connection strength between the medial frontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is significantly related to cognitive function.
The observed relationship is independent of global regression artifacts, supporting its validity.
This study validates and refines our understanding of resting-state functional connectivity and its role in cognition.