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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip
14:09

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Published on: November 16, 2019

Scattered light fluorescence microscopy: imaging through turbid layers.

Ivo M Vellekoop1, Christof M Aegerter

  • 1Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. ivo.vellekoop@physik.uzh.ch

Optics Letters
|April 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel fluorescence microscope capable of imaging through thick, scattering tissues. It utilizes constructive interference of scattered light for subwavelength resolution imaging deep within turbid media.

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Published on: May 1, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical optics
  • Microscopy
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Microscopy penetration depth in turbid tissue is a significant challenge.
  • Imaging through scattering biological tissues remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel fluorescence microscope for imaging through optically thick turbid layers.
  • To overcome the limitation of penetration depth in microscopic imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing scattered light, not straight-path propagation, for imaging.
  • Employing constructive interference to focus scattered laser light through turbid media.
  • Raster scanning the focus to image fluorescent structures.

Main Results:

  • Achieved subwavelength resolution imaging through optically thick turbid layers.
  • Successfully imaged microscopic fluorescent structures behind scattering layers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fluorescence microscope offers a new approach for deep tissue imaging.
  • This technique enables high-resolution visualization of structures within scattering biological samples.