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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct01:26

Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct

The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
The distal part of the DCT, along with the...
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...

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Generation and Quantitative Characterization of Functional and Polarized Biliary Epithelial Cysts
09:55

Generation and Quantitative Characterization of Functional and Polarized Biliary Epithelial Cysts

Published on: May 16, 2020

Characterization of volume-activated chloride currents in regulatory volume decrease of human cholangiocyte.

Biyi Chen1, Douglas M Jefferson, Won Kyoo Cho

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine and The Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1481 W 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

The Journal of Membrane Biology
|April 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human cholangiocytes exhibit regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mediated by volume-activated chloride channels (VACC). This study characterizes VACC function in human cells, similar to mouse models.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Volume-activated chloride channels (VACC) are crucial for physiological functions, including biliary secretion and cell volume regulation.
  • Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is a key process mediated by VACC in bile duct epithelium.
  • Previous studies confirmed RVD via VACC in mouse cholangiocytes, but not in normal human cholangiocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the RVD and VACC in human cholangiocytes.
  • To investigate the electrophysiological properties of VACC in human cholangiocytes.
  • To compare VACC function in human and mouse cholangiocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Cell volume measurements using Coulter counter.
  • Whole-cell patch clamp technique to analyze ion currents.
  • Exposure to hypotonic solutions to induce RVD.
  • Application of VACC inhibitors and varying ion concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Human cholangiocyte cell line (HBDC) demonstrated intact RVD in hypotonic conditions.
  • RVD was inhibited by BAPTA-AM, NPPB, DIDS, and tamoxifen, independent of extracellular calcium.
  • Volume-activated currents showed outward rectification, dependent on chloride concentration, and were inhibited by classical VACC inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Human cholangiocytes possess an intact RVD mechanism mediated by VACC.
  • The electrophysiological characteristics of VACC in human cholangiocytes are similar to those observed in mouse cholangiocytes.
  • This study provides the first characterization of VACC-mediated RVD in human cholangiocytes.