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Related Concept Videos

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Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
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Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
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Related Experiment Videos

PAS is optimal for diagnosing onychomycosis.

Orr Barak1, Adam Asarch, Thomas Horn

  • 1Caris Research Institute, Newton, MA, USA.

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
|April 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain is the optimal method for diagnosing onychomycosis, a common fungal nail infection. This study found PAS and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stains have similar sensitivity but PAS is more cost-effective.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Histopathology
  • Diagnostic Stains

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a prevalent fungal nail infection, particularly impacting high-risk individuals.
  • Histopathological analysis of nail plate specimens using special stains like PAS and GMS is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Previous research suggested Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) superiority over periodic acid Schiff (PAS) in diagnosing onychomycosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic efficacy and cost-effectiveness of PAS and GMS stains in identifying fungi in PAS-negative nail clippings.
  • To validate findings in a larger cohort and across additional tissue sections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of PAS-negative nail clippings.
  • Comparative assessment of fungal detection rates using PAS and GMS stains.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Cost analysis of PAS versus GMS staining procedures.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant difference in sensitivity was observed between PAS and GMS stains (4.2% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.57).
    • The PAS stain was found to be 2.6 times less expensive than the GMS stain.
    • PAS demonstrated comparable fungal highlighting capabilities to GMS in the studied cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain is a sensitive and cost-effective method for diagnosing onychomycosis.
    • PAS stain is recommended as the optimal choice for routine histopathological diagnosis of fungal nail infections.
    • The findings challenge previous assumptions about GMS superiority, advocating for PAS in clinical practice.