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Structural and functional hippocampal changes in multiple sclerosis patients with intact memory function.

Stefan D Roosendaal1, Hanneke E Hulst, Hugo Vrenken

  • 1Department of Radiology, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands. s.roosendaal@vumc.nl

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients show reduced hippocampal functional connectivity and volume, even before spatial memory declines. These changes, particularly hippocampal atrophy, indicate early brain alterations in MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Spatial memory impairment is a common cognitive deficit in MS patients.
  • The hippocampus plays a crucial role in spatial memory and is vulnerable to MS-related damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in hippocampal functional connectivity and structural damage in MS patients with preserved spatial memory.
  • To identify early neuroimaging markers of hippocampal compromise in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 25 MS patients with intact spatial memory to 30 healthy controls using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) and structural MRI.
  • Assessed hippocampal volume, focal lesions, and mean diffusivity.
  • Analyzed functional connectivity between the hippocampus and its connected brain regions.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly reduced right hippocampal volume compared to controls.
  • Decreased resting-state functional connectivity was observed between the hippocampus and key areas like the thalamus and prefrontal cortex in MS patients.
  • These functional connectivity deficits were more pronounced in MS patients with hippocampal atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Significant hippocampal functional connectivity abnormalities are present in MS patients before overt spatial memory impairment.
  • Structural changes, such as hippocampal atrophy, correlate with more severe functional connectivity deficits.
  • These findings suggest that functional and structural hippocampal changes may serve as early indicators of cognitive decline in MS.