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Related Concept Videos

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
Errors in Taping01:18

Errors in Taping

Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...
Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests01:19

Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests

A goodness-of-fit test is conducted to determine whether the observed frequency values are statistically similar to the frequencies expected for the dataset. Suppose the expected frequencies for a dataset are equal such as when predicting the frequency of any number appearing when casting a die. In that case, the expected frequency is the ratio of the total number of observations (n) to the number of categories (k).
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...

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Does Imprecision in The Waggle Dance Fit Patterns Predicted by The Tuned-Error Hypothesis?

David A Tanner, P Kirk Visscher

    Journal of Insect Behavior
    |April 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Honey bee waggle dances communicate resource locations. This study found that directional accuracy does not improve with distance, and distance communication accuracy decreases as resources get farther away.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal behavior
    • Ecology
    • Communication

    Background:

    • Honey bees (Apis mellifera) use the waggle dance to recruit nest mates to food sources.
    • Directional information in the waggle dance can vary significantly within a single dance.
    • Existing hypotheses suggest this variation is an adaptation to distribute foragers across resource patches.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test the hypothesis that waggle dance variation is an adaptation for consistent recruit distribution across distances.
    • To examine how directional and distance communication accuracy changes with resource distance.

    Main Methods:

    • Analyzing waggle dance data to quantify variation in direction and distance indication.
    • Correlating communication variation with the actual distance of resources from the hive.

    Main Results:

    • Imprecision in directional communication does not decrease sufficiently with distance to support the adaptive-error hypothesis.
    • Variation in distance indication increases with the distance to the resource.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed waggle dance variation does not appear to be an adaptation for maintaining a constant recruit distribution shape.
    • Communication accuracy in honey bee foraging recruitment is distance-dependent and may not be optimized for all ranges.