Ureteroscopic surgery for a large upper ureteral stone in an infant with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Urology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Nephrology

Background:

• Pediatric urolithiasis, though rare, poses lifelong risks.
• Management demands consideration of patient size, delicate tissues, anesthesia needs, and long-term complications.
• Ureteroscopic treatment for distal ureteral stones is increasingly common in children.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a case of simultaneous ureteroscopic surgery and Deflux injection in an infant.
• To address a large upper ureteral stone and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux.
• To review current pediatric urolithiasis treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

• Ureteroscopic surgery for a 22x10 mm unilateral upper ureteral stone.
• Endoscopic Deflux injection for bilateral vesicoureteral reflux.
• Literature review of pediatric urolithiasis management.

Main Results:

• Successful simultaneous treatment of a large upper ureteral stone and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux in a 10-month-old infant.
• Demonstration of feasibility for complex procedures in very young patients.
• Identification of a gap in reports on ureteroscopic removal of large upper ureteral stones in infants.

Conclusions:

• Individualized management is crucial for pediatric urolithiasis.
• Minimally invasive techniques can be adapted for complex cases in infants.
• Further research is needed on managing large upper ureteral stones in infants.