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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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[Women and surgeons].

Talita Franco1, Elizabeth Gomes dos Santos

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR. talita@openlink.com.br

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|April 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women in Surgery have overcome significant challenges since the late 19th century. This review highlights their historical struggles and current advancements in surgical careers.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Surgical Specialties
  • Gender Studies in Medicine

Context:

  • The historical underrepresentation of women in surgical fields.
  • The evolution of societal and professional barriers faced by women pursuing surgery.
  • The increasing presence and contributions of female surgeons over time.

Purpose:

  • To provide a historical overview of women's involvement in surgery from the late 19th century to the present.
  • To analyze the persistent and evolving challenges encountered by women in surgical careers.
  • To document the progress and achievements of women in the field of surgery.

Summary:

  • This review traces the trajectory of women in surgery, commencing from the late 19th century and extending to contemporary times.
  • It critically examines the multifaceted difficulties women confront when opting for a surgical career path.
  • The paper also underscores the substantial progress and achievements attained by female surgeons.

Impact:

  • Informing medical institutions about historical gender disparities to foster more equitable environments.
  • Inspiring future generations of women to pursue surgical careers by showcasing role models and successes.
  • Contributing to a more inclusive and diverse surgical workforce for improved patient care.