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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Patellar instability.

Daniel E Redziniak1, David R Diduch, William M Mihalko

  • 1Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.

Instructional Course Lectures
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Patellar instability, including dislocation and subluxation, requires understanding joint anatomy for effective treatment. Restoring normal anatomy is key to managing this challenging condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Patellar instability encompasses patellar dislocation, subluxation, and general symptomatic instability.
  • Patellofemoral instability presents a complex treatment challenge.
  • Accurate management necessitates a thorough understanding of joint anatomy and stabilizing structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental anatomy and biomechanics of patellar instability.
  • To outline the classification system for various types of patellar instability.
  • To detail diagnostic techniques, criteria, and imaging modalities for effective treatment planning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical and biomechanical principles of the patellofemoral joint.
  • Analysis of existing classifications for patellar instability.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and imaging study utility.

Main Results:

  • Understanding anatomy and biomechanics is crucial for patellofemoral joint stability.
  • A clear classification system aids in diagnosis and treatment selection.
  • Appropriate imaging studies are vital for surgical planning and patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective treatment of patellar instability hinges on restoring normal joint anatomy.
  • Comprehensive knowledge of instability types, presentations, and diagnostics guides management.
  • Tailored treatment strategies based on anatomical assessment improve patient outcomes.