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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
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The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...

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Joint and long-bone gunshot injuries.

Paul J Dougherty1, Rahul Vaidya, Craig D Silverton

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Instructional Course Lectures
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Gunshot wounds frequently cause bone and joint injuries, leading to complications like arthritis and infection. Early recognition of lead toxicity is crucial for effective treatment and patient care in these cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Trauma Care
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Gunshot wounds represent a significant public health issue in the U.S., with 60,000-80,000 nonfatal injuries annually.
  • Bone and joint injuries constitute a substantial proportion of these traumas, posing complex challenges for orthopaedic surgeons.
  • Intra-articular injuries are associated with considerable morbidity, including joint stiffness, arthritis, and infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in treating long-bone fractures from gunshot wounds.
  • To emphasize the importance of thorough orthopaedic management for these injuries.
  • To underscore the potential risk of lead toxicity in patients with gunshot-related joint injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical problems associated with gunshot wound injuries.
  • Discussion of treatment considerations for intra-articular and long-bone fractures.
  • Emphasis on recognizing signs and symptoms of lead toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Gunshot-related bone and joint injuries require meticulous orthopaedic intervention.
  • Intra-articular injuries can lead to long-term joint dysfunction and complications.
  • Lead toxicity is an under-recognized complication requiring clinical vigilance.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive orthopaedic care is essential for patients with gunshot-induced bone and joint injuries.
  • Further research into modern treatment modalities for these fractures is warranted.
  • Clinicians must be aware of and screen for lead toxicity in affected patients to ensure optimal outcomes.