School attainment of children who had a single umbilical artery at birth

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Health
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Educational Psychology

Background:

• A single umbilical artery (SUA) is a condition found in newborns.
• Previous research has not extensively studied the long-term academic outcomes for children with SUA.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between single umbilical artery (SUA) and school achievements.
• To identify specific academic areas where children with SUA may be at a disadvantage.

Main Methods:

• A registry-based study linking Swedish birth and school records for 1600 infants born with SUA (1983-1986).
• School grades upon completion of compulsory education were analyzed.
• Statistical analysis using Mantel-Haenzel odds ratios adjusted for confounders (birth year, maternal age, parity, education).

Main Results:

• Children with SUA showed a 60% increased risk of not completing compulsory school, even after excluding preterm, SGA, and low Apgar scores (OR=1.60).
• Increased risk of 'not passed' grades in core subjects (mathematics, English, Swedish), with no difference in sports.
• A slight decrease in achieving 'passed with distinction or excellence' was observed.
• Boys with SUA were more likely than girls with SUA to have 'not passed' in core subjects.

Conclusions:

• Children born with a single umbilical artery (SUA) are at a higher risk for impaired school achievements compared to those with a normal umbilical cord.
• Specific academic difficulties are noted in core subjects, with a notable gender disparity.
• These findings highlight the need for monitoring and potential support for children with SUA throughout their educational journey.