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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Telomere length, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes.

Emily W Harville¹, Michelle A Williams, Chun-Fang Qiu

¹Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. eharvill@tulane.edu.

BMC Research Notes

|April 27, 2010

Summary

Telomere length, a marker of cellular damage, was studied in relation to pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This research found no significant association between telomere length and these pregnancy complications.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Genetics
Cellular Biology

Background:

Telomere length serves as an indicator of cumulative cellular damage.
Previous research links telomere length to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between telomere length and pregnancy complications, specifically pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Main Methods:

A nested case-control study design was employed.
Circulating leukocyte telomere length was quantified using Quantitative-PCR.
Logistic regression analysis was utilized to model outcomes based on telomere length tertiles, controlling for confounders.

Main Results:

Mean telomere length was 0.77 (SD 0.14) in pre-eclampsia cases, 0.73 (SD 0.10) in GDM cases, and 0.74 (SD 0.14) in controls.
The adjusted odds ratio for pre-eclampsia comparing the highest to lowest tertile of telomere length was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.15-5.46).
The adjusted odds ratio for GDM comparing the highest to lowest tertile of telomere length was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.13-3.34).

Conclusions:

The current study did not find a significant association between telomere length and pre-eclampsia or GDM.
Additional research is warranted to definitively establish any potential link between telomere length and these pregnancy complications.