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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Perceptual learning and human expertise.

Philip J Kellman1, Patrick Garrigan

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.

Physics of Life Reviews
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceptual learning, experience-induced changes in information extraction, is vital for expertise in fields like language and math. This research explores its mechanisms and educational applications, highlighting its underappreciated role in skill development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Perceptual learning, the improvement of perception through experience, is fundamental to human expertise.
  • It is crucial in complex domains such as language, chess, music, and mathematics.
  • Despite its importance, perceptual learning is often neglected in scientific learning accounts and traditional instruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and characteristics of perceptual learning.
  • To discuss theoretical models explaining perceptual learning, including receptive field change, selection, and relational recoding.
  • To explore the scope of perceptual learning and its potential role in educational settings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing research on perceptual learning phenomena, including discovery and fluency effects.
  • Examination of theoretical concepts used to model perceptual learning.
  • Contrast of recent research on simple discriminations with earlier work on complex tasks.

Main Results:

  • Perceptual learning encompasses abstract learning, where structural relationships are discovered in novel instances.
  • Models unifying various perceptual learning phenomena emphasize the discovery and selection of relevant information.
  • Perceptual learning should not be confined to changes in early sensory analyzers.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptual learning is a key component of expertise, relying on implicit pattern recognition and selective extraction skills.
  • Traditional instruction often overlooks perceptual learning, focusing instead on verbalizable knowledge.
  • Developing a technology of perceptual learning holds significant promise for advancing scientific learning theories and improving education.